Today is Labor Day. Most view it as once last Summer picnic . Few recognize it as a day to honor American labor. Even here in the Lehigh Valley.Before the Bethlehem Steel was allowed to organize in 1941, the answer to workers who sought a fair wage was a state trooper on horseback. During a 1910 strike, one of them got carried away and shot a Hungarian immigrant who was getting some wine for his ailing wife. No matter. Charles Schwab could never let a trivial thing like murder interfere with his plans to sell H-beams to the Imperial Japanese Navy and Czarist Russia. These two great nations would ultimately embark on military campaigns in which far greater numbers would die.
Slightly north of Bethlehem, along 309 North, is the site of the 1897 Lattimer Massacre. That's where 19 striking miners were shot and killed by a sheriff's posse. Evidence showed that most of those killed had been shot in the back. But the Sheriff and his posse were acquitted.
A few miles away is the site of the 1934 Kelayres massacre. That's where five Democrats were shot and killed when they dared march past the home of "Big Joe," the local GOP boss.
Before unions, there were the Molly Maguires, based upon an agrarian group in Ireland. Some say there really was a Molly Maguire. According to the story, she was a widow who refused to leave her cottage when authorities came to remove her as part of an attempt by England to populate Ireland with Scots.
A more likely explanation is that the leader would be a man dressed in disguise as "Molly." He would visit shopkeepers as a poor mother to demand fair prices for her children. If refused, "Molly" would instruct her followers to enter the store and help themselves. The merchant would be warned of dire consequences if they were reported.
In America, the Mollies were an active and violent labor force confronted by child labor, company towns, unsafe working conditions and lousy pay. In addition, they existed at a time when anti-Irish and anti-Catholic discrimination was rampant. As the Chicago Post then wrote, "The Irish fill our prisons, our poor houses. . . . Scratch a convict or a pauper, and the chances are that you tickle the skin of an Irish Catholic. Putting them on a boat and sending them home would end crime in this country."
Sound familiar?
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| Bethlehem Daily Times, 6/20/1877 |
The Mollies were blamed and charged.
Based on the use of informants, 20 Mollies saw their lives end as they dangled from the gallows in Pottsville and Jim Thorpe. They went through a trial in which no Irish Catholics were permitted to serve as jurors. The prosecuting attorneys worked for the railroads and mines.
As the hangman tightened the noose, the Coal and Iron Police were at the jail in force.
These Mollies died, but 13 years later, the United Mine Workers was born.
This was too late for my grandfather on my mother's side. As a little boy, he lost a thumb and a finger working in the mines. Deprived of an education, he never learned how to read. But he was very proud of his signature, and often practiced writing his name.
He would die of emphysema. The mines eventually killed him.
I have many more relatives who died in mine collapses.
To those who say unions have outgrown their usefulness, I am sure the mine owners are smiling from hell.
(First published 2018).





