The counties are Bradford, Cameron, Centre, Clarion, Clearfield, Clinton, Crawford, Elk, Erie, Forest, Jefferson, Lawrence, Lycoming, McKean, Mercer, Montour, Northumberland, Potter, Snyder, Sullivan, Tioga, Union, Venango, and Warren.
Lehigh and Northampton will wait.
According to Wolf, "We control our destiny."
Actually, he does.
According to Governor Tom Wolf, "These counties were deemed ready to move to a reopening – or yellow phase – because of low per-capita case counts, the ability to conduct contact tracing and testing, and appropriate population density to contain community spread."
Today's one-liner: "The shortest way to the distinguishing excellence of any writer is through his hostile critics." Richard LeGallienne
Local Government TV
▼
Friday, May 01, 2020
96 comments:
You own views are appreciated, especially if they differ from mine. But remember, commenting is a privilege, not a right. I will delete personal attacks or off-topic remarks at my discretion. Comments that play into the tribalism that has consumed this nation will be declined. So will comments alleging voter fraud unless backed up by concrete evidence. If you attack someone personally, I expect you to identify yourself. I will delete criticisms of my comment policy, vulgarities, cut-and-paste jobs from other sources and any suggestion of violence towards anyone. I will also delete sweeping generalizations about mainstream parties or ideologies, i.e. identity politics. My decisions on these matters are made on a case by case basis, and may be affected by my mood that day, my access to the blog at the time the comment was made or other information that isn’t readily apparent.
Nice. Now everyone in the surrounding counties will make a trip to go shopping!
ReplyDeleteI suppose this means in 14 days, based on his ‘sketchy’ new cases database reports, Wolf will bestow ‘Knighthood’ on additionall County Executives, who will then open a few more doors to their local ‘Subjects.’
ReplyDeleteIf what I see while making deliveries to restaurants and stores, it will be awhile before we get the go ahead because some places don't put the masks on until the general public comes in.
ReplyDeleteopening in 2021
ReplyDeleteJust like with boarded liquor stores, he's sending Pennsylvanians on the road! People in NorCo and Lehigh will continue to defer medical treatment and lives will be needlessly lost. Wolf's a larger than life idiot running a complete shit show. He knows he's killing people and won't admit his errors and correct his mistakes out of embarrassment. Vicious.
ReplyDelete62 new deaths; 55 at nursing homes. And we're all locked down for this. How about we all agree to stay out of nursing homes and we lift the lockdown immediately? Why are we still doing this? The objective was to flatten the curve. That has happened, amid numbers much lower than what was modeled. Why are we still doing this, aside from nursing homes? It makes no sense.
ReplyDeleteThe Dictator took our rights away. Should be thrown into prison for not following our Constitution and Bill of Rights like he swore an oath to.
ReplyDeleteBitch, butch, bitch. My God! Nothing pleases some of you people.
ReplyDeleteWho's this Butch character who keeps bitching?
Delete@ 4:57 that is not a way to talk about our leader. POTUS
ReplyDeleteThe unemployed could fill Beaver Stadium 15 times...The kids who had their milestone moments of graduation, prom, sport seasons, school trips and the like stolen from them...the businesses built by our neighbors over decades suddenly at great risk...and this milquetoast Governor and his Rapunzel hair wearing trans pediatric psychiatrist are opening the US equivalent of North Dakota and they think that's a good experiment? This is un-American and insane. 98.4% survival(if you even get it) if you're not in a nursing home and this is what we get?
ReplyDeleteYes, and nothing whatsoever will please you, even getting what you asked for. It may have been your life that Gov. Wolf saved, or that of someone you know.
ReplyDeleteBut you don't seem the grateful type.
Wolf caused more to die than he saved-he caused the economy to crash--which caused more suicides and drug overdoses than before. wolf used scare tactics as a result of his policies people with cancer where not getting their treatment. heart problems increased hospitals where not doing their jobs as result many people died .Wolf did a very bad job and the idot will continue this deep into the summer. HOW mant more will kill..
ReplyDeleteTell us AGAIN @realDonaldTrump
ReplyDeletewhat a "A SPECTACULAR JOB" this has been: 30 MILLION Americans UNEMPLOYED
65,664 Americans DEAD Americans (5/1/20)
25 TIMES More DEAD than 9/11
8000+ MORE LIVES that The VIETNAM WAR
@realDonaldTrump
: "DEADIEST American President EVER”
TRUMP forever he will not die he will live forever--and rule for a thousand years.
ReplyDeleteSlogans are not a substitute for governance.
ReplyDelete"...appropriate population density to contain community spread."
ReplyDeleteUh, oh. No science there. Just our dictator's definition of "appropriate."
So, Herr Wolf, how about Wyoming, Susquehanna and Wayne counties? Oh, those counties are lumped in with Lehigh, Lackawanna, Luzerne, Monroe and Northampton counties which, by definition, do not have the appropriate population density.
You can't fix stupid.
Northampton and Lehigh counties scheduled to be released may 25th as we are in group D
ReplyDeleteOne group per week
I'm headed to Sullivan for a haircut!
ReplyDeleteAs far as I’m concerned, you protest every way you can, legally of course. Here’s one way to send a message to those who have a hand in managing this mess.
ReplyDeleteTo all Incumbent Elected Officials (State and Local) - You will NOT get my vote in the future.
No one currently in office can sit by quietly and watch this nonsense. Get ‘em out of there !
We pay our elected officials to serve and to lead.
ReplyDeleteOur Governor is forcing through a poorly planned and impractical response to this situation. Every local elected politician should actively challenge, speak out in criticism, suggest better solutions, etc. To simply ‘go along-to get along’ does nothing for our families.
No excuses for inaction.
There is some confusion about what building construction is now permitted. The Morning Call has reported a small business remodeler in Lehigh County has resumed work on a private residence. Yet, the State COVID-19 website does not make clear how this type project qualifies.
ReplyDeleteDoes the recent change in Guidelines now allow small business contractors, like carpenters, installers, pool builders, etc. to go back to work provided they follow best practices? Can these ‘neighborhood pros’ now get Building Permits?
Anyone reading this have an answer? I’ve got a $35,000 project on hold and I want to employ a small local contractor. Our economy needs this revenue now!
Some restaurants and bars are now open, discreetly, in Le high county. I expect we will see more every day.
ReplyDeleteAdvice from Herr Wolf:
ReplyDelete"Stay at home, sit in a chair, put your head between your legs and kiss yerass goodbye."
Thank you Komrad!
The numbers have been faked from the start. How can any rational thinking citizen expect relief to come with even MORE fake numbers? This bullshit needs to be ended now.
ReplyDeleteHospitals have plenty of space, plenty of equipment, and more than enough tests for the time. Those with little to no symptoms are not being tested. They are sent home to rest until whatever they have is defeated by their own immune systems. We cannot accept this kind of heavy restricted response to become the norm every year forward.
7:14. Re-presents the blind Republican Party and the cesspool of American. Always feeling cheating and could care less about humanity. You sound so entitled.
ReplyDelete714 is off his meds
ReplyDelete7:14 here. I have the right to contest what I believe unjust. You have the right to hide in your mom’s basement as long as you like.
ReplyDeleteImpeach Wolf now this would be a real impeachment not a fake one
ReplyDelete@7:14. Can confirm what he says. Hospitals restarting normal operations in mid may. Dr. Levine has stated 60% of ventilator inventory currently unused.
ReplyDeleteHospitals are not even testing individuals unless you are a health care worker, over 65 and showing symptoms, or have a known exposure (ex. somebody living who has a confirmed case)
The metrics were entirely wrong. They projected 2 million dead in the US and we will top out nowhere near that, with the most of the deaths in the nursing home setting.
It is time to put people back to work and allow small businesses to open
Anonymous said...
ReplyDelete7:14 here. I have the right to contest what I believe unjust. You have the right to hide in your mom’s basement as long as you like.
May 2, 2020 at 8:13 AM
No one disputes your right to voice your idiotic opinions. Presumably you agree that we have the right to point out your idiocy.
Come down off the cross.
8:55 - Removing/Shutting Down this Governor really is what’s required. No question about it, but there’s a problem. Our politicians in both the PA House and PA Senate are too afraid to act. They like where there are too much.
ReplyDeleteWe should be hearing negative criticisms from them about Wolf’s performance, lawsuits of all kinds, judicial Stay Orders, etc. But, we see not enough evidence of those from our so-called public servants.
We can do our best to guard us from this happening again by working against every incumbent. Criticize and challenge them by name publicly, in -person, and on Blogs and Message Boards every chance you get. Do not donate to their re-election campaigns, do not volunteer. Express your disappointment to their corporate donors, etc. Most of all, do not given them your vote next time.
Sure, let's have no government at all! I'm sure that you gun-nuts will take care of everything.
ReplyDeleteUn-huh...
With restrictions starting to ease, it's now to be seen whether people observe social distancing. So this is the chance for, especially, the protesters and complainers to put up or shut up.
ReplyDeleteMy prediction is that they won't be responsible, in large part because they want to proclaim that the restrictions never should've been imposed in the first place. This only will reinforce the rationale to reimpose the restrictions.
Amen to that.
ReplyDeleteWolf will go down in history just like Hoover dtoo bad we are living it
ReplyDeleteWhat are you supposedly going to do, vote him out of office? Don't think so.
ReplyDelete2:28 - obviously he can’t be voted out. But, many politicians who are enabling him or not doing enough to clip his wings can be voted out.
ReplyDeleteOne of Northampton and Lehigh County's death child care servicers, the bearded fat lady that raped killed and dismembered our dear Grace has died in jail due to the wuhun virus. Did vonWolf cosign for these types of behaviors to continue under the watchful eyes of actors representing the state of pa and will the state be collecting $6800.00 per head of children murdered under wuhun virus lockdown?
ReplyDeleteTrump Denied - Dr Trump Lied - 66,418 American lives have been lost and what is this ignorant Pres of the United States tweeting? Polls & ratings, are you kidding me/us? I hope that this many deaths is enough to open the eyes of my life long Republican family and friends to not allow this imbicile 4 more years
ReplyDeleteAnonymous said...
ReplyDelete2:28 - obviously he can’t be voted out. But, many politicians who are enabling him or not doing enough to clip his wings can be voted out.
May 2, 2020 at 2:33 PM
Even the Republicans are afraid to challenge him. They prefer to hide behind Gov. Wolf while he makes difficult decisions. ANYBODY, like you, can just complain about whatever he does.
Trump is like almost the last person on Earth to be in charge of this pandemic and it's showing!
ReplyDelete3:16 PM
ReplyDelete"I hope that this many deaths is enough to open the eyes of my life long Republican family and friends to not allow this imbicile 4 more years"
You can keep hoping for more deaths to make your argument more compelling.
Of course, with how many deaths there have been in Europe, your Republican family and friends may come to the logical conclusion that this killed a lot of people that aren't governed by DJT.
If you really want to play silly political games with deaths, you can go to the worldometer coronovirus site for the US. Click on the heading for they "deaths per million" so as to order the states highest to lowest.
https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/us/
What do you notice about the states at the top? Hint: "Governor."
Of course that would be a silly game trying to make a political point out of people dying.
I should leave that to you.
Yes, you should. You're certainly not getting anywhere your way.
ReplyDeleteYou say it, so in your mind it must be so.
ReplyDeleteHow many NRA goobers blindly voted for Trump? "Im voting for Donald-he is going to let me keep my guns". Well F--k you NRA goobers. Because of you my life is miserable. Assholes that belong to the NRA, the Tea Party and other assorted right-wing groups should be black-balled for helping put this guy in the White House. This fall Democratic political ads should feature Trump at one of his rallies claiming the virus was a "democratic hoax". Play it over and over.
ReplyDelete"...my life is miserable."
ReplyDeleteThat's the only part of your rant that made any sense.
I'm just grateful to Gov. Wolf for helping to protect us.
ReplyDeleteBlah!!! You need a Daddy.
ReplyDelete4:44 take a chill pill. You are out of control. Quarantine insanity!
ReplyDelete3:16 So the deaths are Trump's fault? You are insane. Would be 250k if he had not closed the border to Chinese flights. And half the deaths are in NY. Want to blame your hero Cuomo for that??
ReplyDelete5.39
ReplyDeleteSo trump has no responsibility for any deaths in this pandemic?
If you believe that i suggest you take plastic off your cigars before smoking them.
@4.44
ReplyDeleteRelisten to the president , he acted as though virus was a threat and stopped flights from China. He also took flak from the left stating he was xenophobic and racist.
The hoax if you hear him is akin to the Russia collusion hoax , the Ukrainian quid pro quo hoax , and now a hoax hoisted by the Dems re corona virus. The Dems encourage behavior that put peoples lives in jeopardy, DeBlasio could have closed the subway, increased service to decrease crowding , cleaned the subway , continued status quo, or cut service to make it extra crowded. Hmmm the last choice was implemented the one causing big crowds. Gov Cuomo sending potentially infected persons to recover in nursing homes or such, was a poor decision, they should have had designated place where persons potentially infected could go and be moved to less infectious wards as time progressed. Perhaps transferred to a red unit then after symptom free few days to yellow and then green. Then released back to the vulnerable people in the nursing homes.
Our government is a federation. Where decisions should be made locally. What is appropriate in the metro nyc area often is not appropriate in rural upstate or southern tier ny.
NYC made some bad choices and unfortunately with our close proximity to the big Apple has seriously affected Lehigh valley Poconos and Hazleton.
Not sure if there is a constitutional way to block travel in and out of metro nyc but that done early might have been effective. It how many flights go in/out nyc area airports daily, truck and commuter traffic. Logistics would have been tough
Unfortunately for you his followers understand his use of hoax. The books are cooked. When this is all over and people look in the books it’s likely to be comparable to a bad flu year especially when one looks as excess death statistics which won’t be available until its over.
BTW, if you took metro nyc out the USA would not be in the top ten for corona, but nyc alone would be #1
JANUARY 22:
ReplyDeleteAsked if his administration was worried about a coronavirus pandemic, Trump says, “No, we’re not at all. And we have it totally under control. It’s one person coming in from China.”
Anonymous said...
ReplyDeleteI'm just grateful to Gov. Wolf for helping to protect us.
May 2, 2020 at 5:30 PM
Anonymous said...
Blah!!! You need a Daddy.
May 2, 2020 at 5:33 PM
No, I need the government to control an epidemic. I can tell that I can't count on you.
Former Gov. Tom Ridge had a greet message for the selfish gun toting protestors. Tom Ridge was a VN combat veteran. He made a point of saying that a civil protest is no place tp be toting your AR-15's. That in and of itself demeans your entire point. Of course unless your point is to play soldier create a surrogate penis.
ReplyDeleteA republican Gov, You can love and respect. A man's man and not some fake ass boy-man.
Grow up aholes!
Stop lumping us in w it’s Monroe County and we would be group A
ReplyDelete"A republican Gov, You can love and respect. A man's man and not some fake ass boy-man."
ReplyDeleteDumb as a rock, Homeland Security failure, trough-feeding, pension doubling, baby-killing RINO Tom Ridge?
He's more John Kerry than he ia a man's man.... Ahole.
-Clem
Hey Clementine Governor Ridge is a decorated Vietnam Vet while your just a punk internet troll who is too afraid to use their real/full name!
Delete-Raymond "Spartacus" Davenport
When you think about how practical Wolf’s re-opening plan is, consider this. For every ‘Yellow” County that borders up against a still “Red” closed County, there is a 10 mile wide “strip” in each closed County that has equally low case numbers. But, merchants and workers within those strips Continue to be harmed, as consumers scoot over into the open County.
ReplyDeleteOnce again, I’d like to point out the reported case/death numbers all this is based upon have been shown to be not accurate. Much of this is
being made-up as Wolf goes along. Like the qualifying number ‘50,’ for example.
67,067 Dead - Trump Lied - Trump Denied & Trump's administration is woefully unequipped to manage the changing a roll of toilet paper. If there is a God, please help us!
ReplyDeleteSome folks use Sunday mornings to contemplate their religion and reflect on their own lives.
ReplyDeleteOthers look to death statistics for solace to buttress their religious beliefs.
To each his own.
And some people believe, both as a matter of religion and otherwise, that we should speak out--especially on Sunday--when the lives of others are needlessly wasted by an administration that basically just can't be bothered to do its job.
ReplyDeleteLock down or no lock down, the death percentages across all countries is the same. The model considered a static R value and were wrong. Every country blew up for two weeks and then waned, as R values dramatically - and still inexplicably - decreased. Coupled with increasing antibody test data, it looks like CoViD19 has been around for a while, is far more virulent than anyone imagined (even in the crazy models), most people got it and were asymptomatic or mysteriously sick for a few days before recovering. If this is the case, lock downs did zero, except to hinder herd immunity and invite a nastier second round than we would otherwise have had.
ReplyDelete@StephenKing: May 1 -
ReplyDeleteTrump never seems to express distress, sadness, or any other emotional reaction to the deaths of 64,000+ people. He never seems to extend any genuine desire to comfort. Other than his family--and himself, of course--I'm not sure he sees others as "real."
No one brandishes an assault rifle unless they mean to intimidate.
ReplyDeleteMessage received, although the reaction is different than likely was hoped for.
Anonymous said...
ReplyDelete@StephenKing: May 1 -
Trump never seems to express distress, sadness, or any other emotional reaction to the deaths of 64,000+ people. He never seems to extend any genuine desire to comfort. Other than his family--and himself, of course--I'm not sure he sees others as "real."
May 3, 2020 at 10:05 AM
And he's not spending the day in prayer, I'd bet.
10:02 AM
ReplyDeleteYour argument might be more effective if you didn't report the deaths with such glee and bumper sticker partisanship.
Wolf did not save lives--he causing way more deaths than the virus--the true facts are not given to the population by the so called leaders of this government or the medical people
ReplyDeleteThank you, Gov. Wolf, for protecting us from the virus.
ReplyDeleteAnd he's not spending the day in prayer, I'd bet.
ReplyDeleteMay 3, 2020 at 10:08 AM
Stephen King? I think you'd win that bet.
Anonymous said...
ReplyDelete10:02 AM
Your argument might be more effective if you didn't report the deaths with such glee and bumper sticker partisanship.
May 3, 2020 at 10:10 AM
I didn't report anything, but I'm sure than no one reports the stats with glee. What you're being defensive about is the reality that most of us see this as "more than the seasonal flu". much less a liberal hoax, and the number speak for themselves. Thanks to ideologues like you who deemphasize and even deny the risk, more people will die.
Let's stalk again when the current totals have doubled, shall we?
Pennsylvania Coronavirus Case Tracker
ReplyDeleteCases across the state are expected to increase at an exponential rate. Because of limited testing and other factors, experts believe the virus is far more widespread than case counts suggest.
Reported cases: 48,305
Deaths: 2,418
Trump let this get out of hand. He's never going to talk his way out of it.
ReplyDeleteYou're an idiot.
Delete10:45 AM
ReplyDeleteAccording to Sleepy Joe, deaths are already over 600,000, so you already have your death card to play.
Maybe you ought to take up gardening rather than hoping for the number to double.
Why aren't all the Open Up Thoughtlessly crowd talking about Dr. Trump's miracle drug any more?
ReplyDelete10:59 AM
ReplyDelete"Cases across the state are expected to increase at an exponential rate."
From and epidemiological standpoint, PA is long past the exponential portion of the curve, unless perhaps you don't understand the meaning of exponential. Which Tracker are you referring to? The trackers I know of do just that, they track, they don't predict.
If you're referring to a specific model, link to it, otherwise I will just assume you're another ghoul wishing for people to die. I guess even with a model, that could still be true.
11:33 AM
ReplyDeleteDid you read the MCall this morning? The one about keeping people off of ventilators.
Anonymous said...
ReplyDelete10:59 AM
"Cases across the state are expected to increase at an exponential rate."
From and epidemiological standpoint, PA is long past the exponential portion of the curve, unless perhaps you don't understand the meaning of exponential. Which Tracker are you referring to? The trackers I know of do just that, they track, they don't predict.
If you're referring to a specific model, link to it, otherwise I will just assume you're another ghoul wishing for people to die. I guess even with a model, that could still be true.
May 3, 2020 at 11:39 AM
I love how you virus deniers start with an expressions of superiority.
That's from the PA Dept. of Public health as reported by the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
And you an make all of the happy talk that you weant. THE VIRUS DOESN'T CARE.
From SPOTLIGHT PA:
ReplyDeleteHARRISBURG — Philadelphia’s health department continues to report a drastically higher COVID-19 death toll than Pennsylvania’s official number, one of the clearest examples of the state Health Department’s challenges in compiling timely information about the virus.
For weeks, state officials have cited obstacles in reporting COVID-19 data. They have blamed counties for lags in providing information to the state, along with issues in “data reconciliation” — like delays caused by software upgrades, troublesome algorithms, and a wonky web of disjointed technologies.
Over the last week, as Philadelphia’s own Public Health Department reported a high and rising number of deaths caused by the coronavirus, the state Health Department’s count for the city remained stuck at a much lower number.
It's always good to draw out the pooh-poohers of the dangers of the virus, because as time goes on the data will show that they were leading us over a cliff. Trump and his crowd must be held accountable.
ReplyDeleteOf course, it'd be much better to just save all of those lives, but clearly that's not what's happening. Otherwise, protect yourself!
Amen.
ReplyDeleteWe make a mistake relying on numbers that were unreliable from the start. Then, promoted by politicians who keep moving the goal posts further away, using even more MADE-UP numbers.
ReplyDeleteJust follow your own common sense, do what’s best for you and your family.
12:08 PM
ReplyDelete"I love how you virus deniers start with an expressions of superiority."
Sorry if my use of big words offended you.
You made an extraordinary claim...that cases are going to rise exponentially. First you said it was some "tracker", now you say it's some unnamed DOH source in some unreferenced newspaper article on some unstated date.
If someone in the DOH truly believes that, one has to wonder why Wolf is talking about conducting a "grand experiment" to reopen the state. What about those dewy-eyed naifs that express childlike admiration that Wolf is keeping them safe? It's enough to have them wet their pants.
It's not happy talk to expect an alarmist claim to be backed up with some specific reference.
Again, if you have a specific reference, give it. Otherwise, you might as well tell us that your brother knows somebody whose cousin heard from someone who works with someone's husband who...well, you get the idea.
Lets take 2,444 PA deaths...a majority of those in in managed care facilities and share HVAC systems
ReplyDelete12,800,000 PA Residents
.0191% is the effective death rate in Pennsylvania.
We have a manufactured crisis folks.
As with any flu, those who are higher risk die.
2:40, I told you where to find the information. Doesn't your internet machine work, or what?
ReplyDeleteAnd trust me, your words aren't that big, just like your thoughts.
I am so appreciate of Gov. Wolf protecting us.
ReplyDelete5:01 PM
ReplyDeleteI know what my "internet machine" says. I can't vouch for yours.
An honest man would just say "I can't find my source."
You really can't locate, as I specified, the website for the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette? Is this a Republican thing?
ReplyDeleteI think 5:56 is the sort of guy who needs someone else to hold it when he takes a whizz. Just look at 12:08 and he tells you where to go. And he's exactly right.
ReplyDeleteYou Trumpkins really are losing it.
6:27 PM
ReplyDeleteI guess you didn't find it either, unless you're both too stupid to figure out how to cut and paste a link.
Nice try to help out the guy who couldn't find his source though. Tag team of twiddle dee and twiddle dum only looks twice as incompetent.
Dr. Birx today on Fox News: We always assumed 100,000-240,000 deaths by Aug. even if we mitigate more or less perfectly.
ReplyDeleteBut we're now loosening mitigation, so the current average of 2,000 deaths per day doesn't look to be going down by much, if at all. Do the math, fellow citizens!
he opened in the west where ther isnt a big population he is an idiot fuck his stay at home order i have been working from the start and i eraned the right to go do as i wnat if we can go fishing and boating and waqlking an trails and golfing then we can go out fuck wolf...fuck his stay at home order....
ReplyDeleteWow, 1:01, you sure know how to lay out your reasoning! Thanks to you, NOW I understand why the daily death toll is going to go down. Dr. Birx, who usually errs on the side of protecting the Loser-in-Chief, knows nothing when she talks about AT LEAST 100k dead by Aug. It's not like the Loser predicts--
ReplyDeleteOops. Never mind.
Anonymous said...
ReplyDeletehe opened in the west where ther isnt a big population he is an idiot fuck his stay at home order i have been working from the start and i eraned the right to go do as i wnat if we can go fishing and boating and waqlking an trails and golfing then we can go out fuck wolf...fuck his stay at home order....
May 4, 2020 at 5:34 AM
Hey, you left out fuck the old and sick people, am I right? Believe me, we're on to you and your kind, the No Mitigation Nazis. You're the asshole guy who won't wear a mask in the grocery store.
We're on to you people, believe me. And we won't forget. See you at the election, bub.